Immune system comprises of many immune cells participating in innate and adaptive immune responses to prevent or fight pathogen infection and inhibit tumor growth. With the development of cancer cellular immunotherapy, immunological checkpoint inhibitors, and tumor vaccines have shown good prospects for therapeutic applications. Adoptive immunotherapies based on dendritic cells, nature killer cells, and T cells are emerged as one of the leading treatments in cancer. 

    Clinical applications require ex vivo expansion of these cells to therapeutic doses in a timely manner under strict cGMP compliance. Many efficient expansion strategies incorporate serum or plasma to provide richer milieu to grow in. However, autologous serum/plasma for cell culture has supply limitations and quality concerns for meeting the high expected commercial demand for immunotherapies. Recent studies show that human platelet lysate (hPL) is a viable and valuable serum substitute for scalable ex vivo expansion of immune cells.